kaTolikosi besarion orbeliSvili 

marTlmadidebelTa sityvisgeba

laTinebis (kaTolikebis) mimarT Cvensa (marTlmadideblebis) da maT religiebs Soris gansxvavebis Sesaxeb.

 Tqmuli undo da glaxaki

xuces-monazvnis, besarionis mier,

romelic iyo garejis udabnos

iovane naTlismcemlis monasterSi.

xolo am wignis

saxelwodebaa

               grdemli              

 Sesavali

sxvadasxva mizezis gamo didi xania, dumils vamjobinebdi. SiSi imisa, rom uRirsi var da iseT sakiTxebze saubars vbedav, romelTa Sebedva ar mekadreba, maiZulebda, gavCumebuliyavi. vinaidan ar aris advili... siwmindeebs Seexo da uRirsi mieaxlo imas, risi miaxlebac ar egebis. magram axlandelma drom da am axalma filosofosebma, romlebic enamWevroben da mzad arian bevri ilaparakon, damoukideblad gamoikvlion, gamoiZion da gamoTqvan is, risi gamokvleva, gamoZieba da gamoTqma ar egebis, [gamabedina xmis amoReba]. amgvar filosofosTa piri "dauc caTa Sina da ena maTi eTrevis queyanasa zeda," rogorc ambobs mefsalmune: "samare ze aRebul ars PorPi maTi, eniTa maTiTa zakvides." isini ar ismenen saRvTo werilis sityvebs, arc sameufo brZanebebs ugdeben gulisyurs, aramed axal-axali saZiebeli sakiTxebi SemoaqvT da mzad arian, kidev meti axali saZiebeli Semoitanon. TiTqos didi sibrZnis patronebi iyvnen, ise iZieben RvTis bunebis arsebas. ganzraxva aqvT, ahyvnen gulisTqmas da miatovon [is, risi] mitovebac SeuZlebelia. isini qadageben axal sarwmunoebas, romelic arc wminda mociqulebs, arc winaswarmetyvelebsa da WeSmarit moZRvrebs ar uqadagiaT CvenTvis; swored am sarwmunoebas aswavlian da sakuTari Tavi sakvirvel brZenTa ubrZnesi, pirvel wminda mamaTa da RvTismetyvelTa ufro ukeTesi RvTismetyveli hgoniaT; isini Sordebian mTavar sjulisdebas da sakuTari Tavidan gamomdinare moZRvraven da aswavlian sxvebs, bunebas Seucvlian wrfelTa da marTalTa da Seityueben umankoebsa da uswavlelebs. amisTvis siCume varCie da daviTis sityvebis mixedviT `davyruvdi da davmdabldi da davdumen me keTilTagan da salmobaY Cemi ganmiaxlda. ganPurda guli Cemi Soris Cemsa da zraxvasa Cemsa aRatydes cecxli" (fs. 38, 3-4), rameTu sityuani maTni, viTarca isarni, ganewonnes gulsa Cemsa da aramcire Seswuda sulsa Cemsa. amisTKs sulT-viTquemd maradis da vityode: hoY me, rameTu warwymda RmrTismoSiSi queyaniT da gankrZaluli kacTa Soris arRara ars. `yovelTave miaqcies erTbamad da uPmar iqmnnes da aravin ars, romelmanmca qmna sitkboebaY, aravin ars mierTamde. ... ara gulisPma-yon yovelTa, romelni iqman usjuloebasa~ (fs. 13, 3-4).  mxolod axla da isic Zalian Znelad `aRvaRe piri da moviRe suli~, rogorc ambobs wminda werili da daviwye laparaki ara kacobrivi sibrZniT, arc filosofosiseburad, vinaidan RvTis sibrZnes ar sWirdeba kacobrivi sibrZne da am soflis sibrZne RvTis winaSe sicofea da RvTis sibrZne kacobriv sibrZnes ar saWiroebs, vinaidan misi usazRvro Zala, rogorc pavles eubneboda, srul iqmneba kacTa uZlurebaSi da misi miuwvdomeli sibrZne sulTa Soris cxadad Sesacnobi gaxdeba, rogorc wminda werili ambobs (Sdr. I kor. 1, 19): "warvwymido sibrZnO igi brZenTaY da mecnierebaY igi mecnierTaY Seuracxvyo. sada ars brZeni? sada ars mwignobari? sada ars gamomeZiebeli igi amis soflisaY? anu ara ganacofaa RmerTman sibrZne igi amis soflisaY? rameTu vinaYTgan sibrZniTa TKsiTa jer-iCina RmerTman qadagebiTa mis sisulelisaÁTa cxovrebaY morwmuneTa maT. mec, Sevudeqi ra am sulelTa swavlas, vityvi oriod sityvas Cemi knini, suleli da uswavleli gonebisgan. magram arafers ar vityvi Cemgan gamomdinares, arc Cemi gulisxmis-yofiT, arc raime gareSe (igulisxmeba arasaeklesio) sibrZnis moSveliebiT, aramed movixmob wminda mociqulebis, yovlad brZeni winaswarmetyvelebis da RmerTSemosili mamebis Tqmuls. da nuravis egoneba, rom es Cemi, uZRebis da uswavlelis, naTqvamia; me Semovkreb im wminda da netari adamianebisgan datovebul gadawyvetilebebs, ganCinebebs. sqeli RrubeliviT davwret TviT Tavadi qristes mier uxvad gamodinebul moZRvrebis cvars da maT cxovelmyofel gadawyvetilebebs, ganCinebebs, Sevkreb mZimed satvirTav Cvens gvamSi. iseve, rogorc maSin, roca wminda mociqulebi godriT tvirTavdnen im namusrevs; vinaidan mas, romelmac maSin xuTi puriT xuTiaTasi ganaZRo da namusreviT godrebi aavso, SeuZlia, uxmari saxmari gaxados da uswavleli ganswavlos, iseve rogorc Zveli misnebis ugunureba amxila. da es ki aris yovlisa soflisa eklesiani, savseni, rogorc mzis brwyinvalebisagan da ganfenili haerisgan da sicocxlis momniWebeli mdinarisgan, romlisganac yovelive cxovelmyofelobas iZens da romlis Sesaxeb dawerilia: `wyalTa mravalTa dafarnes piri yovlisa soflisa.~ rogorc vTqvi, aseve savse aris yoveli eklesia moZRvrebismieri suliT da aRarc ki aris saWiro raime axlis dawera an Tqma, Tuki keTilad, gulisxmierebiT da sasargeblod waikiTxavs an moismens vinme mas. 

magram arian adamianebi, romlebic ar uyureben saRvTo werils, arc gulisxmisyofiT da SiSiT gamoiZieben imas, rac wminda werilSi weria. amaT Sesaxeb aris naTqvami: `warwymden ugunuri da ucnobo erTbamad da viTarca sacxovarni jojoxeTsa miecnes da sikudili hmwysides maT zeda.~

arian sxvebic, romlebic, marTalia, kiTxuloben, magram arc gulisxmisyofiT gamoikvleven da arc zedmiwevniT gamoiZieben imas, rac wminda werilSi weria. micemul sazrdels ise ki ar amoicoxnian da awvrileben, rogorc arawminda pirutyvebi Wamisas, aramed ganurCevlad STanTqaven. swored maT Sesaxeb ambobs saRvTo werili: `wyeul iyavn kaci igi, romelman udebebiT yos saqme RmrTisa~ da kualad weril ars: `iwylen ugulisxmoni da ivneboden.~

arian adamianebi, romlebsac survili aqvT da kiTxuloben, gulmodgined ismenen, magram sarwmunoebiT da krZalulebiT ki ar gamoeZieben, aramed TviTneburad, sakuTari Tavisgan gamomdinare; amitom sakuTari gonebis mixedviT cvlian xolme, amaxinjeben da ganmartaven imas, rasac eZieben. aseTi adamianebis Sesaxeb ambobs winaswarmetyveli: `vaY maTda, romelTa mdinare wmidaY Semdgomad sumisa maTisa ferPiTa maTiTa aRamRuriKan da naTrgunevsa ferPTa maTTasa cxovarTa CemTa asumidian."

magram arian sxvebic, adamianebi, romlebic gulisxmisyofiT kiTxuloben sasuliero wignebs, wminda cxovelebis msgavsad aRmoicoxnian da daanawevreben [wakiTxuls] da ase daikmayofileben survils. aseTebs Senatris suliwmida da ambobs: `netar arn, romelni gamoikuleven wamebaTa misTa, yovliTa guliTa gamoiZinen igi[ni].~ da TKT Tavadi qriste ityvis: "netar arn, romelTa isminon sityuaY RmrTisaY da daimarxon da yon igi," aramed boroti mteri mudam dadarajebulia, keTili da boroti aRrios erTmaneTSi, ipovos keTilis mier daTesili Tesli da borots Seurios, rogorc wminda werili ambobs: `msgavs ars sasufeveli RmrTisaY [kacsa], romelman dasTesa Tesli keTili agaraksa TKssa da viTarca daiZines kacTa maT, movida mteri misi da dasTesa RuarZli ifqlsa mas da warvida. xolo odes aRmoscenda jejili igi da nayofi gamoiRo, maSin gamoCnda RuarZli igi. movides monanai igi da uTxres saxlisa ufalsa mas da hrques: ufalo, anu ara Tesli keTili dasTesea agaraksa Sensa? vinaY aRmoKda RuarZli? xolo man hrqua: [mterman] kacman yo igi. xolo monaTa hrques mas: gnebavsa, raÁTa mivideT da gamovarCioT igi? xolo man hrqua maT: nuukue Sekrebasa RuarZlisasa aRmofxureT ifqlica. acadeT Tana aRorZinebad vidre Jamadmde mkisa da Jamsa mkisasa ubrZano momkalTa maT: SekribeT pirvelad RuarZli igi da SekarT Zneulad, raYTa daiwuas igi, xolo ifqli igi SekribeT saunjesa Cemsa." (maTe 13, 24-30).

TviTon Tavadma gangvicxada am igavis ganmarteba da Tqva: "romeli sTesavs Teslsa keTilsa, ZeY kacisaY ars, xolo agaraki igi ese sofeli ars, xolo Teslni igi keTilni arian Zeni sasufevelisani da RuarZlni igi arian Zeni ukeTurebisani, xolo mteri igi, romelman dasTesa igi, eSmaki ars da mkaY igi ars aRsasruli amis soflisaY da momkalni igi arian angelozni." rogorc RvarZls Sekreben da cecxliT wvaven, aseve iqneba am wuTisoflis aRsasruli, vinaidan Ze kacisa moavlens Tavis angelozebs, Sekrebs yovel sacTurs da uSjuloebis moqmedT da cecxls miscems maT. iq iqneba tirili da kbilTa RrWena; maSin gamobrwyindebian marTlebi, rogorc mze.

es igavi, rogorc xedav, mwvalebelTa Sesaxeb aris naTqvami, vinaidan dasabamidan moyolebuli ar cxreba boroti eSmaki da drodadro mis morCilebSi Tesavs Tavis Tesls. marTlac, dasabamidan aqamde, arc Zveli, arc axali aRTqmis droSi, arc qristemde, arc qristes dros da arc mis Semdeg jer ar yofila iseTi Jami, rom eSmaks ar daeTesos misi sacTurisa da wvalebis gesli. erTxel ukve daemxo da mowyda mTavrobisa da pativisagan da samkvidrebelad mieca qvesknels; Semdeg yovelTa dambadebelma da gamgebelma misi didi mowyalebiTa da miuwvdomeli saxierebiT kaci Seqmna miwisagan da STabera suli cxoveli da mcneba misca, rom Seesrulebina da Seenaxa misi dambadeblis mcnebebi. amaTi wyalobiT eneba meufes, rom mis mier Seqmnili kaci uxrwnelad da ukvdavad aeyvana zecad didebis adgilas, iq, saidanac pirveli mTiebi gardamoiTxia. yovelive es SeSurda borot mters, gulSi Seujda evas da daelaparaka mas gvelis meSveobiT, gvelisa, romelmac Tavad boroti acTuna da ampartavnebiT dacemuli gaxada. Sehpirda mas ganRmrTobas, amiT Seacdina da gamoaZeva samoTxidan. da damkvidrda adami Wirmraval da SromasatvirTav qveyanaze, ukvdavebis magier mokvdavi gaxda da zecad aRsvlis sanacvlod miwad miiqca.

aqedan moyolebuli borotma mterma daipyro adamis naTesavi da sxvadasxvagvar safrTxesa da cTunebaSi Caagdo. Semdeg kaeni daupirispira abels da Zmas Zma moakvlevina da adamianebs aswavla Suri, mtroba, zakva, orguleba, kacis kvla da mruSeba. Semdeg bilwebiT Seagina yvela adamiani, garda marTali noesi da misi Svilebisa, romlebic RmerTma daicva kidobnis meSveobiT. yvela danarCens ki warRvna mouvlina. SemdgomSi qami daupirispira mamas, raTa mas daekninebina noes simarTle, ris gamoc wyeviT daisaja qamis naTesavi.

SemdgomSi didi abraami, isaaki da iakobi sxvadasxvagvari gansacdeliT gamoscada, marTali iobi gamoiTxova da mravali Wiri awvnia, raTa maTi RvTismsaxureba Seenanebina da usargeblo gaexada. da SemdgomSic araerTgzis gamoscada wminda winaswarmetyvelebi sxvadasxvagvari gansacdeliT, raTa gamoCeniliyo vin aris wmindani, rogorc brZmedSi gamowrTobili oqro da vin _ cru winaswarmetyveli, romlebic Semdgom dasjil iqnen. gamoaCina wru winaswarmetyvelTa tyuili, iseve, rogorc es mosesTan dakavSirebuli ambebis Sesaxeb aris dawerili. roca mose saswaulsa da sakvirvel ambebs Cadioda egvipteSi, egviptis misnebi da qurumebi moses mimsgavsebiT ufro mets Cadiodnen da WeSmaritebis mtrebi marTlebs ewinaaRmdegebodnen SuriTa da mterobiT. da vinaidan ver ganikurna kacTa naTesavi am boroti senisgan, TviT WeSmariti RmerTi movida zecidan qveynad da Cveni buneba miiRo. yvelafriT Cven dagvemsgavsa, raTa adamianad gamoCinebiT gandgomili mteri Seetyuebina da adamis damcemeli daemarcxebina da Seemusra, CvenTvis ki Zleva moeniWebina da rogorc igi (adamis damcemeli) iqadoda Cvenze, aseve Cven maTze qadilis SemZleni gavexadeT. xolo Cven mogvca rjuli da mcneba, raTa aRar davemonoT borot mters, aramed rjulis dacviT RmerTs vemonoT. marTalia, igi (Ze RvTisa) mouZlurda, daeca da Seimusra, magram cota xnis Semdeg isev gancxovelda, raTa gamoscados RmrTis monebi, raTa brZoliT da borotis mterobiT wmindanebi da rCeulni gvirgviniT Seimoson da uRirsebi da uRmrToTa Semweni daisajon; amgvarad warmoCndnen RmrTis morCilni da urCni da rjulis damrRvevebi Sercxvenil iqnen.

rogorc vTqvi, amitomac ar cxreba boroti da Tesavs RvarZls sarwmunoebis ifqls Soris qristes mosvlamdec da misi gankacebis Semdegac. roca Ze RvTisa movida, mis winaaRmdeg borotma aRZra umravlesi Roneni da ekveTa cxovrebis kldes da SuriT aumxedra mas ebraelebi, agreTve qristes cru mowmeebi, rogorc magaliTad herode, romelic Tavis Tavs qristes uwodebda; Semdeg simon mogvi, romelic Tavs RvTis Zes eZaxda da eSmakis SewevniT mraval saswauls Cadioda da mraval adamians akvirvebda. Semdeg misi es cru dideba ganaqarva petre mociqulma. SemdgomSi grZneuli kvinobi mociqulisa da maxareblis, iovanes mier dainTqa. wminda pavles mier ganqarda mravali winaaRmdgomis dideba, rogorc magaliTad aleqsandre mWedlisa da elKmas mogvisa. aseve dainTqa mociqulTa saxiT mosuli cru mociqulebi da winaaRmdgomebi, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen WeSmarit sarwmunoebas. da TviT Tormeti mociqulidan erTi gamcemeli iyo da ori im samocdaaTTagan, romelic qristem gamoirCia, kerpmsaxurebad miaqcia da mociqulTagan gamorCeuli Svidi diakonisgan erTi, romelsac nikoloz ewoda, borot wvalebaSi Caagdo. amisTvis ityvis wminda maxarebeli iovane: "Cuengan ganvides, aramed ara iyvnes Cuenganni, rameTu ukueTumca Cuenganni iyvnes, da-mca-dadgromil iyvnes Cuen Tana, aramed raÁTa cxad iyvnen, rameTu ara arian yovelni Cuenganni" (I iovn. 2, 19) wminda mociquli pavle ki ambobs: `rameTu wvalebanica yofad arian Cuen Soris, raYTa rCeulni igi Tquen Soris gamoCndnen." da Semdeg neronis mier Semokriba eklesiis uxucesebi da eubneboda maT: `aha, me uwyi ese, rameTu Semoviden Tquenda Semdgomad ganslvisa Cemisa mgelni mZimeni, romelni ara eridebian samwysosa da TKT Tquengani aRdgen kacni, romelni ityodian gularZnilsa, raYTa ganadginnen mowafeni Semdgomad maTda" (saqm. 20, 29). da ase iyo mudam: RvarZlis mTesveli ar cxreboda, raTa Seeryia eklesia da gaeryvna qristes samwyso.

da erT-erT jerze eSmakma mravali mwvalebeli aRadgina, rogorc magaliTad vinme korinTosi da nikoloz da markioni, romlebic simon mogvis msgavsebi iyvnen. qristes Zalam isinic daaduma, magram eSmakma kvlav aRadgina mefeebi da mekerpeebi da qristianebi did devnilebasa wamebaSi Caagdo, magram qristes Zalam esec ganaqarva da bWeni jojoxeTisani ver Zlevdnen eklesias, rogorc ambobs ufali.

amis Semdeg sxva mwvaleblebi aRadgina eSmakma, kerZod, manis da muntanos. isini ambobdnen, rom TiTqos Tavad iyvnen is nugeSismcemlebi, romelTa Sesaxeb qriste ambobda, rom mis mowafeebs moevlinebodnen aseTebi. garda amisa mravali sxva gmoba Tqves amaT. qristes ZaliT amaTi didebac gaqarwylda; Tavad isini sparseTSi wavidnen da iq RvTis sagmobi mravali sityva daTeses.

amis Semdeg, raxan qristianobis ganqarveba ver SeZlo^ borotma eSmakma, gadawyvita, qristianebs Soris daeTesa sxvadasxvagvari wvalebis RvarZli, raTa RvTismsaxurebaSic SemoeRo yovelgvari is brZola, romlebic kerpTmsaxurebaSi iyo gavrcelebuli, vinaidan ukeTuri eSmaki mudam RvarZlis mTesvelia. am mizniT, ganaqarva ra manis, muntanosisa da navatis wvalebebi, gamoaCina arianelTa boroti da sulis warmwymedeli wvaleba, romlis winamZRvari iyo arios evnemosi da aeti, evsevi, evduqisi da sxva mravali RvTis Zis mgmobelebi, romlebic RvTaebis arsebas da bunebas ganyofdnen erTmaneTisgan da ambobdnen, rom mama, Ze da suliwminda sxvadasxva arsebebia. am borotma ariozma origenes wignebidan aiRo es wvaleba, vinaidan origenem dawera, rom mama RmerTi Ze RmerTze, xolo Ze ki suliwmindaze, suliwminda ki Cvenze, adamianebze, aRmatebuli ariso. amgvarad aRmarTa origenem RmerTis gmobis kibe, kibe ara cad aRmyvanebeli, aramed jojoxeTs Camyvani. am boroti gmobisgan Seginebulma sabeliosma ki Tqva, rom wminda samebis gvamovneba Sereuli ariso da Serwymulad da Sereulad gamoacxada igi. amaTTan gamoCnda apolinaric, romelic sagmobs sityvebs ambobda, rom qristes srulad ar miuRia kacTa buneba, qristes xorci usulo da ugonebo ariso. suliwmindis mgmobari makedoniosi ki suliwmindas ar aRiarebda mamisa da Zis sworad.

 yvela es mgmobarni qristes uZlevelma Zalam ganaqarva da uCino-yo. dRes saxsenebelic ki ar darCenila arianelebis da makedonianosebis, ganqarvebulia sabeliosis mimdevrebi da maTi msgavsni.

 mas Semdeg ki, rac ase mouZlurda uZluri da myrali veSapi, sxvebis wvalebaTa RvarZliT SeiaraRda da qristes gankaceba iqadaga ara marTlmadideblobiT, aramed imgvarad, rom qriste ganyo RvTaebisagan da erTi qriste orad gankveTa. am gankveTisa da ganyofis mizezi da winamZRvari iyo vinme Tevdore antioqeli da diodote tarseli, romelTagan, rogorc simwaris Ziri da saeSmako saqmeTa nergi, aRmocenda nestori da igi gaxda^konstantinepolis episkoposi. SemdgomSi igi krebis mier gandevnil iqna saydridan boroti wvalebis gamo da igi wavida SuamdinareTis mimarTulebiT da iq daTesa gmobis gesli. am borot wvalebasTan sapaeqrod eSmakma aRadgina amisive msgavsi boroteba. erTi SexedviT marTlac am wvalebis sawinaaRmdego Cans, iseve rogorc zemoT naxsenebi pirveli wvalebebis SemTxvevaSi ariozi da sabeliozi erTmaneTis winaarmdgomni iyvnen, vinaidan ariozi RvTaebis erTarsebas orad ganyofda da gankveTda, xolo sabeliozi ki samebis sam gvams SeaerTebda erTmaneTs da Seurevda. orive maTgani SeCvenebul da samudamod dasjil iqna.

aqac msgavsi ram moxda: uRvTo nestorma orad ganyo qristes gankacebis qadageba da or gvamad ganyo qriste: RvTaebriv ganyofilebad da kacebriv ganyofilebad. amis gamo igi RvTismSobelsac uaryofda da ambobda, rom wminda qalwuli aris qristes mSobelio, magram ver ganacalkevebda ganyofilad RmerTs da ganyofilad qristes. mdabali da netari kirilesa da wminda mamebis wyalobiT SeCvenebul da gangdebul iqna is bilwi.

ramdenime xnis Semdeg gamoCnda konstantinepolis monazoni, vinme uRvTo, monastris arqimandriti, saxelad evtiqi. im ukeTurma waikiTxa maniqevelTa wignebi, valentianTa, markianelTa, arianelTa da maTgan iswavla yovelive boroti. amitomac amoanTxia gulidan boroti simyrale da ambobda, rom qristes gankaceba daujereblad (gaugebrad, ucnaurad) moxda, amitom igi ar aRiarebda, arc Seiwynarebda qristes or bunebas, aramed aRiarebda misi RvTaebisa da kacebis erT bunebas, erT saqmesa da erT nebas. wminda qalwuls arc is aRiarebda RvTismSoblad da saocrad da daujereblad miaCnda misgan Cveni macxovari RmerTis, qristes Soba.

misi es gmoba esma dioskoros aleqsandriis patriarqs da misgan SeiTvisa es boroti wvaleba da manac uaryo qristes ori buneba. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT qalkedonSi Seikriba eqvsas ocdaaTi mama da SeaCvenes evtiqi da dioskorosi da gandevnes isini wminda sayovelTao eklesiidan.

rogorc ukve vTqvi, boroti mwvaleblebi da wmindisa da erTarsisa mgmobelni, ariozi da sabeliozi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego rames ambobdnen, magram orive warwymedis mTxreblSi Cavarda, rameTu bilwma ariozma wminda samebis nebaTa da arsebaTa Sesaxeb Tqva, xolo sabeliozma ki TiToeulis gvamTa Serwyma da Serevna Tqva. aseve nestorma da misma mimdevrebma, dioskorem da evtiqim da misma momxreebma erTmaneTis sawinaarmdego ram Tqves, magram orive warwymda da SeCvenebul iqmna^ vinaidan nestor urjulom dagmo xorcielad movlenili Ze RvTisa da or Zed da or gvamad aRiara, ganyo da ganaSora RvTaebisa da kacebis buneba gvamiTa da piriT, xolo dioskorosma ki erTad Seria da Serwya RvTaebisa da kacebis buneba da da erTbuneboba aRiara. orive es mwvaleblebi maT mimdevrebTan erTad SeCvenebul da gankveTil iqnen wmida kaTolike eklesiisgan, xolo eklesia ki ganiwminda RvarZlisgan da RvarZlis mTesveli boroti eSmaki Sercxvenil iqna da eklesia didi xnis ganmavlobaSi did mSvidobasa da erTobaSi iyo.

borotTa dasabami, RvarZlis mTesveli eSmaki ar dacxra, ver gadaitana eklesiis amgvari mSvidoba da erToba da axla sxva mwvalebeli mRvdelTmoZRvrebi da urwmuno mefeebi aamxedra da maT SemoiRes patiosani xatebis gmoba. xatis Tayvaniscema da pativi kerpTmsaxurebad Seracxes da wminda xatebis Tayvanismcemlebs mravali Zviri SeamTxvies. eklesiaSi didi devnileba daiwyo, mravali wmindani gardaicvala da mTel qveyanas didi boroti gadaefina da didxans idevneboda qristes eklesia.

kidev erTxel Seikribnen mRvdelT-mTavrebi da meSvide saeklesio kreba moiwvies RvTismsaxuri mefeebis, mixeilisa da Teodoras brZanebiT da kvlavac daadastures da aRadgines patiosani da wminda xatebis Tayvaniscema da yvela mwvalebeli SeaCvenes da qristes eklesia ganwmindes yovelive RvarZlisgan da eklesiaSi erTobam da mSvidobam daisadgura didi xniT. sanam berZenTa mefeni mSvidobasa da simtkiceSi cxovrobdnen, verc usjulo mteri ereoda maT ^da arc eklesiebi da sapatriarqoebi iyo mouZlurebuli. xuTive sapatriarqoSi, dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis yvela eklesiaSi, maSin didi mSvidoba da erToba sufevda, yovliTurT brwyinavda maSin marTlmadidebloba. da Tu sadme uTanxmoeba an wvaleba aRmocendeboda, krebas moiwvevdnen xolme da qristianTa Tavdapirveli erTobis kvalobaze, mociqulTa da mamaTa mier mocemuli wesis mixedviT ganamtkicebdnen qristes eklesias, SeaCvenebdnen da gaaZevebdnen maciloblebsa da mowinaaRmdegeebs.

 magram RvTis miSvebiT isev aRdgnen usjulo mtrebi da daipyres mravali sofeli da qalaqi, garyvnes da daamdables qristes samwyso; Semdeg moadgnen sameufo qalaq konstantinepols, axal roms, yoveli mxridan Seaviwroves berZenTa mefe. dasavleTis mxris mefeebi da romis papi mSvidobiT cxovrobdnen da mtrebisgan Tavisufali iyvnen. 

roca papma da dasavleTis mefem ixiles mterTa mier damarcxebuli berZenTa mefe da aRmosavleTis damdablebuli sapatriarqoebi da eklesiebi, qedmaRlurad Sexedes maT da ar daexmarnen, arc maTi Tanamzrunvelebi gaxdnen da arc xelisaRmpyrobelebi, rogorc fsalmuni ambobs: "romeli RmerTman daamdabla da dasca, maT devnes igini da salmobasa wylulTa maTTasa SesZines usjuloeba" (fs. 68, 26), vinaidan ganaaxles Zveli mteroba da pirveli Suri, romelic adre hqondaT erTmaneTSi. 

qristianTa mefobis adreul periodSi, roca moxeda RmerTma maT da aRamaRla rqa qristianTa da didi konstantine morwmune gaxda, wamovida is aRmosavleTSi da Zveli romi axal romad Secala, aaSena da gaafarTova bizantia da mis Suaguls uwoda konstantinepoli, anu axali romi. man aRamaRla axali romis patriarqi. Zveli romis episkoposic masve konstantines ganedidebina da misTvis dasavleTis mwyemsoba mieca; masve ganedidebina da aRemaRlebina sxva eklesiebi da sapatriarqoebic, vinaidan did konstantinemde kerpTmsaxuri mefeebis mier friad daglaxakebuli iyo eklesiebi samaradiso Wirsa da devnulebaSi. rogorc vTqvi, mefe konstantinem ganadida da aRamaRla isini. yvelaze metad ki konstantinepolis eklesia da misi episkoposi, vinaidan misi qalaqi sameufo qalaqad aqcia. es rom moexsena romis paps da mis mimdevrebs dasavleTSi, Tavadve ganidides da aRimaRles Tavebi da Tqves, modiT, davadumoT RvTis saswaulebi da ar vixiloT isini, vinaidan aRar arian winaswarmetyvelebi da Cvenc aravin gvicnobs SemdgomSi, da sxva mravali amis msgavsi, rac maSindeli ambebis mosaxseneblebSi weria. berZenTa mefe da konstantinepolis patriarqi wavidnen italiaSi da Seevedrnen dasavleTSi myofT da paps, rom daxmarebodnen maT mtrebTan brZolaSi. xolo dasavlelebma ki mosTxoves maT, jer uareyoT pirveli sarwmunoeba da axali eRiarebinaT, amis Semdeg ki daexmarebodnen. berZnebma amaze uari Tqves da sikvdili amjobines, vidre Tundac erTi maTgani gadasuliyo mamaTa mier mocemuli sarwmunoebidan. ase ganSordnen erTmaneTs berZnebi da romaelebi, rogorc es vrclad da unaklulod weria Zvel mosaxseneblebSi, xolo Cven ki gangeb ar aRvwereT.

amis Semdeg dasavlelebi Seikribnen florenciaSi da moiwvies kreba, romelsac merve kreba uwodes. maT daarRvies yvela wesi da kanoni, romlebic mamebisa da mociqulTa mier iyo mocemuli da amaTi sawinaarmdego ram Tqves da qnes da daamtkices, rogorc surdaT:

1.     maTi nebiT, kanonis gareSe aRamaRles romis papi, rogorc yovelTa patriarqTa umaRlesi da RmrTis magierad da meored qristed aRiares qveyanaze.

2.     Semdeg aRreva moaxdines wminda samebis gagebaSi da aRiares, rom suli wminda mamisa da Zisagan gamomavalia; Tqves iseTi ram, rac ucxo iyo wminda mociqulebisa da RmerTSemosili mamebis qadagebebisTvis, vinaidan amis msgavsi sarwmunoeba arcerT krebaze ar Tqmula, arc aravis ukadrebia msgavsi ramis dawera, rasac isini aRiarebdnen.

3.     Semdeg aRries wminda mociqulebisa da wminda mamebis mier samgzis wyalTa Sina daflviTa da Semdeg aRmoSobiT wminda samebis saxelze ganwesebuli naTlisReba; amis magier aRiares cotaodeni wylis SexebiT ganwesebuli naTliscema, romelic mRvdelis, eriskacis, an dedakacismieric SeiZleba iyos.

4.     Secvales ufuari sefiT wminda Jamiswirvis wesi, romlis mixedviT erT mRvdels unda ewira erT dRes da daadgines, rom erT mRvdels mravalgzis ewira da saeroTa saxlebSi momxdariyo es eklesiis gareSe.

5.     daaweses eriskacTa ziareba sxva sefiskveriT da sxva ubralo (Cveulebrivi) RviniT da bavSvebs TxuTmet wlamde ar aziareben.

6.     sxvadasxva saxeobad dayves jojoxeTi da erT-erT maTgans saukuno [jojoxeTi] uwodes, am jojoxeTSi moxvedrili veranairi ZalisxmeviT, verc veranairi daxmarebiT garedan ver ipovis saSvels; jojoxeTis erT-erT saxeobad miiCneven cecxlis satanjvels, romelSic xvdebian papis mosavebi. isini mcire xans dayofen iq da ganwmendilebi gamodian.

7.     maT uaryves wminda mamebis mier ganwesebuli locva da saeklesio fsalmuneba da maT eklesiebSi wminda werilis garda arc fsalmunis kiTxvaa, arc sagaloblebi da arc RamisTeva.

8.     sakurTxevels ise aRmarTaven, rogorc surT, an rogorc es maT daxvdeba, da ara ise, rogorc es wminda mociqulebma ganaweses _ aRmosavleTiT, aramed maTi survilisamebr, dasavleTiT, undaT samxreTiT an CrdiloeTiT.

9.     uaryves da ukuagdes marxva da aRar arsebobs maTTvis marxva arc saeroTaTvis, arc samRvdeloTaTvis, garda monazvnebisa da isinic Tu imarxuleben, mxolod xorcs moeridebian, sxvas arafers da mourideblad Wamen.

10.    ar icaven oTxSabaTis marxvas, romelic gangviweses wminda mociqulebma da RmerTSemosilma mamebma; oTxSabaTis nacvlad SabaTs marxuloben, rac aravis dauwesebia CvenTvis.

11.    sakurTxevelSi SehyavT da aziareben qalebs, romlebic saqalo wesSi arian da meuRlesTan erTad sarecels iyofen.

12.    yvelas, vinc ki Sedis eklesiaSi, didi Tu patara, qali, Tu kaci, mourideblad Tan Sehyavs ZaRlebi.

13.    maT advilad Seracxes yoveli momakvdinebeli codva da maT, boroti codviT dacemulebs, eklesiis diresTan aziareben.

bis mier dadgenili da Svidgzis gamobrZmedili uflis sityvebi, rogorc fsalmunSi weria: "sityuani uflisani arn sityua wmidaY, vecxl gamoPurvebul da gamocdil miwiT da ganwmedil SKdwilad." (fs. 11, 7). rameTu uflis wminda sityvebi miwieri adamianebis mier Svidgzis gamocdil da gamoPurvebul iqna da gabrwyinda.

rogorc vTqvi, yovelive es Secvales da uaryves da sxva, wminda mamebis mier dadgenil wesTagan gansxvavebuli wesebi SemoiRes da dRemde axal-axali, Svidi saeklesio krebis sawinaaRmdego wesebi SemoaqvT. am yvelafris sapasuxo sityvisgeba qvemoT cal-cakle vrclad gvaqvs aRwerili da igi yvelafers cxads xdis.

xolo aRmosavleTis eklesiebi da oTxive sapatriarqo, didi ruseTi da Cven, Seuryevelad vicavT mociqulTa mier mocemulsa da Svidi msoflio saeklesio krebis mier ganmtkicebul sarwmunoebas. gansakuTrebiT Cven, qarTvelebi, mas Semdeg, rac mogveca WeSmariti sarwmunoeba da naTeli RvTismecniereba wminda mociquli andrias mier da SemdgomSi wminda ninos mier, aRar gardavdrekilvarT urwmunoebad da arc Segviwynarebia romelime boroti RvarZlis mTesveli wvaleba, rogorc amas gvauwyeben sxvadasxva mosaxseneblebi. dasabamiTgan SevicaniT ra WeSmariteba, mtkiced davdeqiT am safuZvelze, romelic wminda mociqulebma da RmerTSemosilma mamebma gvaswavles. WeSmariti sarwmunoebisTvis arc araferi dagviklia, arc araferi Segvimatebia; ise gvwams, ise vaRiarebT da ise vqadagebT, rogorc aq weria. 

gadmoaxalqarTula

nino doborjgeniZe