eb darvinizmis Sesaxeb

erTi ram Tavidanve unda iTqvas: Tanamedrove mec-

nierebaSi uamravi Teoria da hipoTeza arsebobs, ara

marto gansxvavebuli erTmaneTisagan, aramed diametru-

lad sawinaaRmdegoc. amitom darvinis Teoria ubralod

erT-erTi mravalTagania (Tanac mas arc ki gaaCnia raime

faqtobrivi mtkicebulebani), magram amasTan _ yvelaze

gavrcelebulic. raSi mdgomareobs darvinizmis prin-

cipi? bunebaSi ganuwyveteli bunebrivi SerCeva mimdin-

areobs. arsebobisaTvis brZolaSi ufro Zlieri or-

ganizmebi axerxeben gadarCenas, garemosTan naklebad  

Semgueblebi da sustebi ki iRupebian. organizmebs uyali-

bdebaT gadaxrebi saxeobidan, rac sasargebloc SeiZleba

gamodges, da maSin am organizmebs gadarCenis damatebiTi

Sansi eZlevaT. sasargeblo niSnebi memkvidreobiT ga-

daecema. ase Cndeba cocxal arsebaTa axali formebi da

saxeobebi. ganviTareba martividan rTulisaken mimdin-

areobs.

SeuZliaT ki am debulebebs Cveni dakmayofileba?

SegviZlia ki Cven maTze avagoT evoluciis grandiozuli

Senoba?

upirveles yovlisa, unda iTqvas, rom darvinis Teoria

mxolod hipoTezaa, radganac aSkara mtkicebulebani mas

ar gaaCnia. kacobriobis istorias ar axsovs, rom erTi

saxeoba meoreSi gadasuliyo  anda bunebaSi axali saxeo-

192ba gaCeniliyo. Cven SegviZlia vilaparakoT mxolod sax-

esxvaobebze, magram ara Tvisobrivad axal saxeobebze.

darvinis Teoriis Tanaxmad, evolucias ganapirobebs

sami principi _ garemosTan Semguebloba, saxeobebs So-

ris brZola da gamravlebis unari. magram aq Cven raRac

paradoqss vawydebiT: am TvisebebiT ufro metad xasiaT-

debian ara umaRlesi arsebebi, aramed yvelaze dablebi

_ sokoebi da is mcenareebi, romlebic sporebis saSu-

alebiT mravldebian. yvelaze advilad garemo pirobebs

swored isini eguebian. vulkanebis amofrqvevis, wy-

aldidobebis Semdeg anda piriqiT, udabnoSi, rodesac

didxans ar modis wvima da garSemo mxolod mkvdari ve-

lia, ufro maRalganviTarebuli organizmebi iRupebian,

primitiulebi ki cocxlebi rCebian. es primitiuli ar-

sebebi, maRalganviTarebulebTan SedarebiT, gamravleb-

is ukeTesi unariT gamoirCevian. ase rom, darvinizmis sam

princips Tu vendobiT, sicocxle sokoebisa da sporebis

doneze unda gaCerebuliyo. es iqneboda cocxal arsebaTa

optimaluri saxeoba, dedamiwaze cxovrebis pirobebTan

Seguebuli. amgvarad, am sam princips arasgziT ar See-

sabameba ufro rTuli da amitom garemosTan mimarTebaSi

ufro `myife~, ufro `nazi~ saxeobebis gaCena.

ganvagrZoT: darvinis Teoria kazualuria, anu SemTx-

veviTobebze agebuli. romelime arsebas SemTxveviT axa-

li Tviseba uCndeba. Tu es Tviseba sasargebloa (anu axal

Sansebs aZlevs garemo pirobebSi gasaZlebad), igi moce-

mul arsebas unarCundeba da memkvidreobiT gadaecema.

ai, darvinistuli morfologiis safuZveli: umaRlesi

arsebebi yvelaze dablebisgan warmoiSobian  kazualu-

rad, saerTo normisagan raRac SemTxveviTi gadaxrebis

gaCenis gziT. SegviZlia ki davkmayofildeT sakiTxis

193aseTi gadawyvetiT, aris ki es marTebuli? Cven viciT,

rom ganviTarebuli organo sasargebloa, Canasaxobriv

mdgomareobaSi myofi anda arasakmarisad ganviTarebuli

organo ki araviTar sasurvel zemoqmedebas ar axdens,

araviTar upiratesobas ar iZleva, piriqiT, organizmis-

aTvis tvirTad iqceva xolme. magaliTad, romeliRac ar-

sebas, romelic evoluciis gziT frinveli unda gaxdes,

momavali frTis adgilas raRac wanazardi gauCnda. Tvi-

Ton darvinis Teoria uaryofs frTis uecar gaCenas,

igi ambobs, rom es `raRac~ TandaTan unda Camoyalib-

des frTad. da ai, arsebas, ucnobia ratom (albaT raRac

anomaliis gamo) gauCnda wanazardi, romlisganac Semdeg

frTa Camoyalibda. ra saerTo aqvs am wanazards mocemuli

individis gadarCenasTan? araviTari. igi ar iqneba misT-

vis sasargeblo, piriqiT, xelsac SeuSlis arsebobisaT-

vis brolaSi: nadavlis daWeraSi, mtrisagan gaqcevaSi

da sxv. amgvarad, sanam es wanazardi frTad iqceodes, is

ki ar daexmareba, aramed zedmeti tvirTi iqneba. da ra

aucilebelia, rom wanazardi darCes? rogorc SemTx-

veviT gaCnda, aseve SemTxveviT (Semdgom TaobebSi) igi

unda gaqres. es darvinizmisaTvis wayenebuli meore kon-

trargumentia, romelzec mas saTqmeli aRaraferi aqvs.

Semdeg: arian arsebebi, romlebic rTul metamorfo-

zebs ganicdian. magaliTad, rodesac muxluxo peplad

iqceva, muxluxos sxeuli Wiis parkSi ixsneba, sqel masas

emsgavseba da Semdeg am masidan TandaTan sxva, peplis or-

ganizmi Cndeba. ra SuaSia aq sasargeblo an saziano Tvise-

bebi? am metamorfozas verafriT ver axsni imiT, rom ar-

sebas `SemTxveviT~ gauCnda raRac organoebis Canasaxebi

anda sxva, ase vTqvaT, sasargeblo Tvisebebi. aq ukve arse-

bobis rTul planzea laparaki. garda amisa, sxeulis arc

194erTi organo ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT izolirebulad.

yvela isini mWidrod arian dakavSirebulni erTmaneTTan

Tav-TavianTi funqciebiT, amitom erTi organos nebismi-

er Secvlas mTeli organizmis Secvla mohyveba.

saubaria agreTve e. w. `narCen (rudimentul) organoe-

bzec~ _ darvinizmis erT-erT debulebaze. es imas niS-

navs, rom adamianis sxeulSi aris organoebi, romlebic

ukve aRar funqcionireben, amiT ki mtkicdeba, rom odes-

Rac adamianis organizmi sxvagvari iyo. magram Cven arc es

ganmarteba gvakmayofilebs. gasul saukuneSi swavlulma

evolucionistebma adamianis organizmSi asoTxmocamde,

maTi azriT, sruliad zedmeti organo daiTvales. magram

SemdgomSi maTi umetesoba Sinagani sekreciis organoebi

aRmoCnda, romelTa gareSec adamianis sicocxle sruli-

ad SeuZlebelia. amitom aq sakiTxi sxvagvarad unda dais-

vas: jer erTi, Cven organoebis yvela funqcias zedmiw-

evniT kargad ar vicnobT; meorec, adamianis organizms

aqvs e. w. sarezervo organoebi, isini romelime organos

dazianebisas mis funqciebs sakuTar Tavze iReben. amgvar-

ad, Cven SegviZlia vamtkicoT, rom adamianis organizmSi

zedmeti araferia.

mecnierebi geologiuri Sreebis, namarxebis da a. S.  

asaks sxvadasxva ricxviTi mocemulobebis saxiT gansaz-

Rvraven, amitom zogierTs eCveneba, rom biblia ewinaaRm-

degeba mecnierebas. magram rodesac kacobriobis asakze

vlaparakobT, aTvlis wertilad viRebT Sesaqmis das-

rulebas, kacis Seqmnas. manamde iyo Sesaqmis periodebi,

romlebsac bibliaSi `dReebi~ ewodebaT. `dReebSi~ wm.

mamebi (mag., wm. basili didi) gulisxmobdnen periodebs,

romelTa xangrZlivoba CvenTvis ucnobia. `dReebi~  dai-

wyo jer kidev mzis Seqmnamde, amitom `dReebi~ aris

195etapebi, rodesac axali ibadeboda, xolo ra Sualedebi

iyo am etapebs Soris, Cven ar viciT _ amis dadgena ar

SegviZlia.

da saerTod, SeuZlia ki mecnierebas bibliuri wel-

TaRricxvis uaryofa? dialeqtikuri materializmi am-

bobs, rom materia universaluri substanciaa da yve-

laferi masTan aris kavSirSi; igi ganixilavs samyaros,

rogorc usasrulos da mTlians, sadac SeuZlebelia

arsebobdes raime, garemosagan izolirebuli. mecniere-

bi, romlebic  geologiuri Sreebis, namarxebis da a. S.  

asaks gansazRvraven, daTariRebis sxvadasxva meTods

iyeneben. arsebobs radioaqtiuri meTodi, e. w.  kalium-

argonuli meTodi. aris sxva, naxSirbaduli meTodic,

es meTodi eyrdnoba im faqts, rom cnobilia naxSiror-

Jangis molekulebis daSlis periodi. arsebobs sxva xe-

rxebic: zogierTi mecnieri dedamiwis zedapirze arse-

buli meteorituli mtvris fenebis gazomvas eyrdnoba,

zogi nariyebisagan gazrdili mdinaris deltis gazom-

vebs (vinaidan mdinareSi naleqebis garkveuli raode-

noba Caedineba, delta sul ufro matulobs sigrZeSi).

SeiZleba Tu ara imis Tqma, rom daTariRebis es xerxebi

zustia? Cveni planetis warsulis daTariRebisTvis uni-

formizmis principi unda miviRoT, es ki niSnavs: proces-

ebi, romlebic warsulSi xdeboda, TavianTi xasiaTiTa

da intensiurobiT igivea, rac dRevandel dRes mimdinare

da momavalSi mosaxdeni procesebi. magram ramdenad gama-

rTlebulia es principi?

arsebobs e. w. katalizatorebi, romelTa daxmarebi-

Tac erTi da igive qimiuri procesi SeiZleba sxvadasxva

siCqariT mimdinareobdes. aris katalizatorebi, pro-

cesebs asjer rom aCqareben. amitom, saidan viciT, rom

196uwin ar arsebobda katalizatorebi, romelTa meSveobi-

Tac igive procesebi Seudareblad ufro mokle vadebSi

xdeboda, vidre dRes? vin mogvca ufleba vamtkicoT, rom

Zvelad igive pirobebi iyo, rac dRes aris, da rom de-

damiwis SeqmnaSi zustad igive Zalebi monawileobdnen,

romlebic dRes moqmedeben? amgvarad, yvela es daTari-

Reba hipoTeturia _ varaudebis sferos ekuTvnis.

uniformizmi cudad urigdeba dialeqtikur materi-

alizms, romelic swored movlenebis urTierTkavSirsa

da bunebaSi mimdinare ganuwyveteli xarisxobrivi cvli-

lebebis Sesaxeb laparakobs. Cven viciT, rom arcTu ise

Soreul, CvenTvis misawvdom warsulSic ki procesebi

sxvagvarad viTardeboda. mag., dedamiwis magnituri veli

bevrad ufro didi iyo, vidre axlaa _ aTasnaxevari wlis  

manZilze TiTqmis orjer Semcirda. sxvagvari iyo uwin

radiaciis intensivobis donec. TviTon materialistebi

amboben, rom adre atmosferos Sedgeniloba sxvanairi

iyo, e. i. maSin sxva Zalebi moqmedebdnen. uniformizmis

Teoria, romelsac yvela `daTariReba~ efuZneba, ar Sei-

Zleba dasabuTebulad miviCnioT.

ganvagrZoT: daTariRebis sxvadasxva meTodi sxvadasx-

va, erTmaneTTan dapirispirebul Sedegs iZleva. es gansa-

kuTrebiT exeba meteorituli mtvris fenebis gazomvis

mixedviT daTariRebas. dedamiwa rom im asakis iyos, rasac

evolucionistebi uTiTeben, igi mTlianad kosmiuri mt-

vris javSniT iqneboda SeboWili, okeaneTa fskerzec am

mtvris fenebi unda idos. SesaZloa gvipasuxon, rom xde-

boda mtvris TandaTanobiTi ganzaveba dedamiwis fenebSi.

magram meteorituli mtveri sxva qimiuri Sedgenilo-

bisaa, vidre dedamiwis zedapiri: iq bevrad ufro metia

nikeli, amitom meteorituli mtvris aRmoCena srulia-

197dac ar iqneboda Zneli. gairkva, rom es fena Zalian Tx-

elia, gansakuTrebiT okeaneTa fskerze. magram meteor-

ituli mtvris fenebis gazomvis mixedviT daTariRebasa

da evolucionistebis koncefciebs Soris dapirispireba  

gansakuTrebiT naTlad gamoCnda mas Semdeg, rac adami-

anebma mTvaris zedapirs miaRwies. radganac iTvleboda,

rom mTvare da dedamiwa daaxloebiT erTi asakisani arian,

Sesabamisad, kosmiuri mtvris fena mTvareze, sadac at-

mosfero faqtobrivad ar arsebobs, sakmaod sqeli unda

yofiliyo. fiqrobdnen, rom es fena ramdenime kilometrs

aRwevda, amitom kosmosuri xomaldebi ise iyo agebuli,

TiTqos isini Waobze unda damsxdariyvnen. garda amisa,

varaudobdnen, rom RrmulebSi kosmiuri mtvris fena

kidev ufro sqeli iqneboda. magram rodesac adamianebma

mTvaris zedapirs miaRwies, aRmoCnda, rom misi zedapiri

kosmiuri mtvris SedarebiT Txeli feniT iyo dafaruli

da adamianebi masSi sruliadac ar Caflulan. es ukve imas

mowmobs, rom dedamiwa bevrad ufro axalgazrdaa, vidre

evoluciis Teoriis momxreni amtkiceben.

Semdeg: evolucionistebi amboben, sicocxle um-

artivesi formebisgan _ virusebisgan gaCndao. magram

gairkva, rom virusebs arseboba SeuZliaT mxolod ufro

maRali organizmebis parazitebis saxiT. damoukideblad

arseboba virusebs ar ZaluZT!

 darvinizmis kidev erTi `postulati~ es aris: mor-

fologiurad adamianis msgavs arsebebs adamianur arse-

baTa ricxvs ver mivakuTvnebT. adamiani aris sulieri

fenomeni, romelsac xilul samyaroSi araviTari analo-

gi ar moeZebneba. garsis msgavseba jer kidev ar amtkicebs

maTSi moTavsebuli marcvlebis igiveobas (mag., xorbali

da sarevela). Cven araferi viciT im namarxi arsebe-

198bis fsiqikuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb, Cvens winaprebad rom

acxadeben. davuSvaT, rom bunebaSi yvela maimuni gaqra,

gaTxrebis dros gorilebis ramdenime ConCxi da Zvlebis

fragmentebi  ipoves, maT gverdiT ki _ qvebi da joxebi

kaklebis Camosayrelad; maSin mecnierebs, morfologi-

uri principebidan gamomdinare, SeuZliaT ivaraudon,

rom maT winaSea primitiuli adamianis neSti. gori-

lis Zvlebi mecnieruli STagonebis, disertaciebisa da

monografiebis wyaro gaxdeba. magram Cven viciT, rom

maimuni sruliad sxva arsebaa, Tvisobrivad gansxvavebu-

li adamianisgan _ esaa cxoveli. amgvarad, rodesac sxva-

dasxva arsebebis ConCxebs pouloben, garegnuli anato-

miuri monacemebis mixedviT jer kidev arafris Tqma ar

SeiZleba maTi gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. es ar-

sebebi, iseve rogorc maimunebi, SeiZleba ubralod ada-

mianis msgavsi cxovelebi iyvnen. saerTod, morfologi-

is mixedviT SeuZlebelia fsiqologiaze msjeloba, miT

ufro, Tuki es morfologia sakmaod saeWvo xasiaTisaa.

odesRac imasac ambobdnen, rom damaxasiaTebeli niSani,

romelic adamians cxovelisagan ganasxvavebs, aris Tavis

tvinis qerqis farTobi da misi Sefardeba tvinis saer-

To moculobasTan. magram aRmoCnda, rom delfinis Tavis

tvinis qerqis farTobi aRemateba adamianisas rogorc

absolutur, ise pirobiT ganzomilebebSi. amgvarad, Tu

mxolod formaluri agebulebis mixedviT vimsjelebT,

delfini inteleqtualurad ganviTarebis ufro maRal

safexurze unda idges, vidre adamiani. Semdeg daiwyes

laparaki, rom mniSvnelovania ara marto es monacemi,

aramed tvinis struqturis sirTulec. magram aqac aR-

moCnda, rom delfinis Tavis tvinis qerqi struqturu-

lad bevrad ufro rTulia, vidre adamianisa. ase rom,

199ar SeiZleba namarxi neStebis mixedviT ama Tu im arse-

bis gonebriv SesaZleblobebze msjeloba. jerjerobiT

araviTari gardamavali formebi cxovelsa da adamians

Soris aRmoCenili ar aris. isini rom arsebuliyvnen,

gaugebari iqneboda, ratom gaqra uecrad yvela adamiani-

cxoveli (Tanac gaqra mTel msoflioSi, sxvadasxva ga-

remo pirobebis mqone yvela regionSi). albaT mxolod

imitom, rom isini saerTodac ar arsebobdnen.

evolucionistebi imasac amboben, rom adamianis Cana-

saxi Tavisi ganviTarebisas evoluciis mTavar stadiebs

imeorebs. magram am Teoriasac araviTari mtkicebuleba

ar gaaCnia. ZiriTadad eyrdnobian `layuCebis xvrelebis~

arsebobas Canasaxis ganviTarebis garkveul stadiaze, ma-

gram es e. w. `layuCebis xvrelebi~ gulmodgine gamokv-

levisas mxolod nakecebi aRmoCnda, romlebsac araferi

aqvT saerTo Tevzebis layuCebTan. isini sul sxva masal-

isgan Sedgebian da layuCebis funqcias arasodes asrule-

ben, maTgan adamianis saxe yalibdeba. amasTan, maimunis

nayofi garkveul adreul safexurebze gacilebiT metad

hgavs adamians, vidre maimuns: Tma ara aqvs, Tavi sxva age-

bulebisaa da a. S. da Tuki Cven evolucionistebis prin-

cips mivyvebiT, maSin is daskvna unda gamovitanoT, rom

maimuni gaCnda adamianisgan. amgvarad, darvinizmis am de-

bulebasac araviTari mtkicebuleba ar gaaCnia.