Teimuraz II–is cxovrebis kvlevisas Cveni yuradReba miipyro
misma sulierma moZRvarma zaqaria gabaSvilma. Cvens win warmodga Rvawli
didebuli pirovnebisa, romelmac saqarTvelos eklesia faqtobrivad
ixsna udidesi gansacdelisagan d kaTolikuri mwvaleblebisagan. igi
mamacurad da udrekad aRudga win eklesiis msaxurTa erTi nawilis uniatur
zraxvebs, riTac seriozuli dabrkoleba Seuqmna maT TavianTi miznebis
ganxorcielebis gzaze. gaborotebulT sxva araferi darCenodaT, Tu ara
is, rom inkviziciis cecxli daenToT mis garSemo. saocaria, rom Rvawli
aRmsareblobisa itvirTa mTelma misma ojaxmac, riTac pirvelqristianeTa
msgavsi mxneobisa da SemarTebis ubadlo magaliTi dagvitova.
Tavad kaTolikosi anton I Tavisi naSromis d „mzametyvelebis"
(daiwera gankveTamde) epilogSi im drois swavlulebs amgvarad axasiaTebs:
„ubrZnesni u gamocdilni filosofosobiTa swavlebaTa Sina", xolo zaqaria
xucess ixseniebs, rogorc warCinebuls maT Soris.
misi aRzrdilebi iyvnen anton I kaTolikosi, mzeWabuk
orbeliani, isak mcire, ioane kaxi u „igi iyo mefeebis, patriarxis da
mRvdelmTavarTa sulieri mama". mis avtoritetze metyvelebs is cnobac,
romelsac gvawvdis kaTolike miqael TamaraSvili: „anton pirvelis
uniatobas qarTul sazogadoebaSi bevri moumzadebia kaTolikobis misaRebad,
magram cxadad gadasvla kaTolikobaze ver gaubediaT, radgan bevrs erideboda
Turme gabaSvili zaqariasi".
gabaSvilebi oficialur sabuTebSi gabaSvilobasTan
erTad „iobianad, iobis naTesavebadac" ixsenebianu besiki, cnobili
poeti, zaqaria xucesis erT-erTi Svili, xSirad gabaSvilis nacvlad „gabaonad"
iwereba. amave dros „gabaoni", palestinis im geografiul punqts niSnavs,
saidanac Turme gabaSvilebi gadmosaxlebulan saqarTveloSi „drosa nabuqodonosorisasa".
am gadmocemiT „iobianebi" jer mcxeTaSi dasaxlebulan (msgavsad wm. sidonias
winaprebisa), Semdeg, roca Tbilisi
gaSenebula, Tbilisis pirvel mkvidrTagani yofilan. sxvaTa Soris, daviT
da nikoloz gabaSvilebma 1542 w. aaSenes TbilisSi mTawmindis eklesiau
XVIII saukuneSi gabaSvilebs vrceli mamulebi eWiraT: garda TbilisTan
axlos mdebare mamulebisa (lisi, Txinvali, delisi, wodoreTi, oqroyana)
TviT TbilisSic maT sakuTrebas Seadgenda dRevandeli veris, vakis teritoriis
SesamCnevi nawili, verisgan Semdgari diRmamdis"u
zaqaria xucesis mama dekanozi nikolozi da SemdgomSi
Tavad zaqaria xucesic orbelianTa karis moZRvrebi iyvnen.
zaqaria xucess hyavda rva Svili, aqedan d oTxi vaJi: ioane
(mitropoliti, Semdgom gadayenebuli), diakoni ose (cnobili kaligrafi),
besiki da diakoni iosebi.
aseTma warCinebulma pirovnebam Tavisi Soreuli winapris,
iobis msgavsad erTbaSad dakarga yvelaferi d pativi, dideba, samRvdelo
xarisxi; auwiokes ojaxi, cemes, CamoarTves qoneba, waarTves Svilebi,
magram aseve msgavsad iobisa, saocari mxneobiT aitana yovelive. misi
mdevnelebi iyvnen kaTolike misionerebis mier gabriyvebuli qarTvelebi,
sasuliero ierarqebi. zaqaria xucesi Tavis leqsad daweril epistoleSi
wers:
„wigni dadves qufri bindi, miTxres: „aRiare indi,
franciculad gaRiRindi, Tvarem gagcrcviT viT simindi.
papis sjulze me Sevwyindi, iyo sulis wamawyindi
miTxres: „radgan dagviJindi, ovseTis mTas gardafrindi."
mainc ra iyo mizezi zaqaria xucesis devnulobisa?
Tumca anton I kaTolikosma gankveTis Semdeg sajarod
moinania Tavisi danaSauli d faruli kaTolikoba, da ruseTis sinodma
igi vladimiris eparqiis arqiepiskoposadac daadgina, magram ruseTSi
mas mainc ar endobodnen, amitom, rodesac Teimuraz mefis gardacvalebis
Semdeg erekle meorem igi kvlav saqarTveloSi gamoiwvia, imperatrica
ekaterine meorisadmi gagzavnil sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis moxsenebaSi
gamoTqmulia eWvi d xom ar moiwadina ereklem „midrekileba" kaTolikuri
rjulisakeno.
jer kidev ruseTSi yofnisas antonma Teimuraz mefes gamougzavna
„miwyales Targmani" d 50-e fsalmunis ganmarteba, romelic laTinTa eresiT
savse aRmoCnda, amitom misi xalxSi gavrceleba aikrZala. axla ki saqarTveloSi
dabrunebulma antonma, romelmac kvlav daikava sapatriarqo taxti, pirvel
rigSi miznad daisaxa, gaebaTilebina „miwyales" mxileba, magram mis
wadils winaaRmdegoba gauwies ioseb kaTolikosma (gadayenebulma)
da mefeTmoZRvarma zaqaria gabaSvilma. ioseb kaTolikosi (xerxeuliZe)
sakaTolikoso taxtze antonis gandevnis Semdeg aiyvanes; „igi iyo
kaci gonieri swavluli da cnobili siwmidiTa. ityvian, romel aRuxilao Tuali brmasa da sxuaTaca misgan saswaulTa".
1764 wlis oqtomberSi antonma moiwvia saeklesio kreba,
romelzedac gankveTa da SeaCvena zaqaria xucesi, masTan erTad misi Ze
iosebi da mowafe isaki. ZiriTadi braldeba zaqaria xucesis mimarT iyo:
„aRdga ciliswamebad keTilmsaxursa zeda mefesa Cvensa da mamadmTavarsa
zeda Cvensa"...
aqedan diwyo zaqaria xucesis aRmsareblobiTi Rvawli,
romelic Tavad aRwera astraxanisa da stavropolis episkoposis meTodesadmi
gagzavnil werilSi: „cremliT aRvsebuli muxldadgmiT Tqvens maRals siwmindes da yovlad samRvdeloebas
vevedrebi, momxeden, Semiwyale da nu damagdeb ucxosa, mwirsa, WeSmaritebis
moZuleTagan devnilsa.
mxolod es wyaloba miyav, rom uaRsarebo da uziarebeli
ar movkvde".
zaqaria
xucesma anaTemis moxsnis Sesaxeb moTxovna sinodsac moaxsena, magram
ruseTis sinodi am moTxovnisadmi gulgrili darCa. misi saCivari qarTulad
iyo dawerili; am teqsts sinodis winaSe Targmnida aleqsandre nevelis monasterSi
moRvawe qarTveli mRvdelmonazoni... zaqaria xucesi saqarTveloSi gamouSves
ise, rom anaTema ver mouxsnes. igi imereTs Seexizna.xolП МбУНДЛЙ ГА
imereTSi 1782 wlis 6 Tebervals devnili, miusafari viT Raribi
lazare, zaqaria xucesi wardga uflis winaSe, viTarca erTguli, mxne meomari,
sarwmunoebis siwmindis damcveli, romelmac udanaSaulo gankveTa da
epitimia sulgrZelobiT daiTmina, morCilebiT Sexvda gansacdels, sikvdilamde
atara udidesi tkivili wyurvilisa uziareblobis gamo. Tumca devnili iyo
marTlmadideblobisa da simarTlisaTvis.
„WeSmaritad netar ars kaci, romelica
esavs ufalsa", saswaulebrivi iyo aRsasruli RmrTis saTnomyofelisa.
istoriam Semogvinaxa am saswaulis aRweriloba:
gelaTis monastris mkvidrTa Tvalwin sakvirveli
ambavi xdeboda: devnuli, tanjuli, Serisxuli mefeTmoZRvari zaqaria gabaSvili
amsoflidan midioda viTarca eklesiis
mnaTobTagani. momakvdav xucess saxe ubrwyinavda, naTlis Saravandedi
adga. mas sanugeSod eklesiis udidesi wmidanebi ecxadebodnen: spiridon
trimifunteli, didmowame giorgi, basili didi, grigol RmrTismetyveli,
ioane oqropiri, wmida mowameni, romelTa Soris ixila bunebiTi Ze Tvisi
iosebi, ormoci sebastieli mowame, wmida nikoloz sakvirvelTmoqmedi,
mociqulTaswori nino, yovladwmida RmrTismSobeli, romelmac ase anugeSa:
„hoi yovelTa arsTa satrfo, sawyurisa Zisa Cemisa da sityvisa RvTisa
marTl-aRmsarebelo, nurarasa zeda urveulob amier sofliT gansvlisaTvis,
rameTu yoveli codvani Senni mogetevnes
da RirsTa oflTasa nacvlis cemadi miRebvad xar, amisaTvis rameTu
adide Tixis mier Tixisa ganwmendeli da aw migelis Senzeda ierusalimi
Tavisufali, deda pavlesi da msgavsTa misTa". mcire xnis Semdeg ikiTxavs:
„ara xedavTa, rameTu ganeRo sarTuli saxlisa amis da gabrwyinda caÁ
da zeda-warweril ars oqroÁsa melniTa, romel ese viTarmed araodes mixilavs?"
„marTalTaTvis aRTqmuli pativi da didebaÁ yovelni, aha aq ariso!". Semdeg kidev ufro gancvifrebulma
da gaRimebulma Tqva: „kvalad xuroTmoZRvari movidao" da iatakamde
Tayvani sca, Sehvedra jer suli Tvisi da mere saxleuli da ganucxada iqve
mdgomT: „ese ars ieso qriste, jvarcmuli huriaTagan, romelica friad nugeSinis-mcems
da didsa pativsa wyalobasa aRmiTqvams". Semdeg man andria mociqulis egvteris winamZRvar gerasimes
gardacvaleba uwinaswarmetyvela da am saswauliT ufalma gelaTeli mamebi
mama zaqarias xilvebis WeSmaritebaSi daarwmuna. xolo RamiT, rodesac
gardacvlilis cxedars oTxi diakoni fsalmunebs ukiTxavda, sams CaeZina,
meoTxem ki ixila: „naTeli didi gardamosuliyo wmindasa amas zeda da lamprebr
egzneboda da sxivTa SaravandedTa mdidrad ganmtevelobda" gaognebulma
diakonma orive xeli Seaxo da „arara iyo sxeulebrivi". zaqaria xucesi
anderZisamebr dakrZales Tavisis Zis, iosebis, gverdiT gelaTSi, „dasavleTis
karsa winaSe CrdiloeTiT kerZo". misi aRsasruli aRwera TviTmxilvelma dekanozma,
nikoloz gabaSvilma, (dawvrilebiT ix. quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis
sax. saxelmw. ist. eTn. muzeumis masalebi kreb. IV, Tbilisi, 1984 w.)
xucesi zaqarias „zecad aRwodebis" gacnobis
Semdeg mravalgvari fiqri SeiZleba aReZras kacs. ra gansakuTrebuli Rvawli
aRasrula mRvdelma zaqariam, rom aseTi didebis Rirsi Seiqna? SeiZleba
imis daSveba, rom saeklesio krebis mier SeCvenebuli, mefisa da kaTolikosisagan
devnili mRvdeli cxondes da Tanac aseTi pativiT aResrulos?
am kiTxvaze pasuxs isev eklesiis istoria
da wmidanTa cxovrebebi gvaZlevs. xSiri iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac did
wmidanebs marTlmadidebeli mefeebi, eklesiis ierarqebi da zogjer saeklesio
krebebic amtyunebdnen (es ZiriTadad saero xelisuflebis Zaldatanebis
Sedegi iyo). Cven unda vicodeT, rom eklesia wmidaa, wm. mamaTa erTobiT
damowmebuli swavleba ucTomelia, magram eklesiis wevrebi adamianebi
arian, adamianuri sisusteebiTa da SecdomebiT, amis samagaliTod isic
ikmarebs, rom eklesiis udidesi mnaTobi, wmida ioane oqropiri, saeklesio
krebam dasaja, romlis monawileTa Soris cnobili saeklesio moRvaweebic
iyvnen; xolo marTlmadideblobis mamad wodebuli aTanase didi mociqulTaswori
mefis, konstantine didis, mefobis dros Sekrebilma tvirosis krebam
usamarTlod daadanaSaula. msgavsi magaliTebi mravladaa eklesiis
istoriaSi.
icoda mama zaqariam, rom suliwmida fsalmunebs
ubralo sityvebiT ar daiwyebda d „netar ars kaci, romeli ara mivida
zraxvasa uRmrToTasa da gzasa codvilTasa ara dadga, da sajdomelsa usjuloTasa
ara dajda" (fsal. 1,1-2). ver daiyolies simarTliT Semosili mRvdeli
usjulo ganzraxvaze, verc WeSmaritebis dafarva aiZules da arc RmerTma
dafara misi marTali sulis didebuleba. Segvewie, marTlaRmsarebelo mamao
zaqaria, Sens uRirs Svilebs. amin.
sasufevelisaTvis
ganzraxva a
trfialebiT moifiqre,
sulo Cemo, da siyuaruliT moigone RvTisa da mamisa caSi myofT angelozTa
da yovelTa wmidaTa saxli saukuno, RvTis ÃeliT aRSenebuli, sadac rom
didi RmerTi RmerTobs da didi Ãelmwife Ãelmwifobs da mis winaSe dganan
wmidani angelosni da qerabin-serafimni ucxod da sakvirvelad rigad
ganwyobilni da dasad da dasad mdgomareni, Semosilni da morTulni
ucxoTa brwyinvalebiTa da ganaTlebulni elvisa msgavsad ukudavebiTa,
mudam aqeben RmerTsa da galoben ucxod Sewyobilsa da sakvirvelsa galobasa
wmida arsisasa, rom imaTi yureba kacis Tvals gaaSterebs da amaTi saidumlo
galoba da Ãmatkbiloba kacs yurs mostacebs da gulsa da gonebasa uzomoTa
sixaruliTa auvsebs da kidev amaTTan Tvals win wamoiyene wmidani mociqulni
da winaswarmetyuÀlni da yovelni wmidani ucxoTa gvirgviniTa da pativiTa
mzesaviT gabrwyinebulni, Svenierad Semkobilni, ukudavebiT aRyuavebulni
da yovels sitkboebasa da nebiers yofa-qcevazed gamefebulni, isinic angelozebTan aqeben
RmerTsa da siyuaruliT anTebulni trfialebiT uyureben pirsa RvTisasa
da uxariaT angelozebSi, angelosTa msgavsi sicocxle da uberebeli da
bolo mouRebeli.
misve ganzraxua b
viTarmed vaÁ saukunis
momlodesa, me uRirsi da codvili rogor ar davdnebi da Ãorcsa da Zuals
cremlad ar gardavagcev. vxedav Tavsa Cemsa, rom sasufevelisagan vikargebi
da ara vzrunav saRmrTos krebulisagan gamovardnasa da saukunos cxovrebis
wignis aRmoxocasa; eha, tkbilo sasufevelo, tkbilo ukvdavebav, vaÁ ra vifiqro,
ramdeni qristiani kaci Senis siyvaruliT gatanjula, momkvdara da cecxlSi
damwvara, ramdeni simSiliT da wyurviliT gamxmara, ramdens kacs Tavisi
Ãorci tirilsa da godebaSi daudvia, am imediTa, rom oRond erTi sasufevlis
dideba TvaliT davinaxo d aq me rac unda damemarToso da me urcxvsa,
uRmrTosa da unamusosa amdeni sasufevlis siyvaruli ar maqvs, rom amisis
siyvaruliT Cems myral codvaebzed Ãeli aviRo. vaÁme sulo, ramdeni dRe TuÀ
da kvira gaivlis, rom sul am xorcis nebierobasa da zarmacobaSi mZinavs
da sasufevelis Sueniereba arc ki
magondeba, arc qristes ganmamRrTobelis piris danaxvas vinatreb. da
vaÁ ra meSuÀleba RvTis mbrZolsa.
misve ganzraxva g
miec guli
Seni, Tao Cemo, RmerTs da suli da sacnobelni Senni sasufevelSi aRamaRle
da rodes geZinos loginsa zeda, aRviZe RvTaebisagan guli da rodes geRviZos,
amyofe RmerTTan suli da mZinare da mRviZare anTebulis guliTa mudam sasufevels
igonebde da romelsac mudam igoneb da giyvars, da romlisac metad trfiali
xar da gsurs, mas mogcems RmerTi, da mas gaCuÀnebs sulT brZolasa Sina.
misve ganzraxva d
rad ara grcxuÀnian,
uwyalov, usamarTlov, da codvasa da Sina RvTisa brZolasa Sina damWnaro da
gamdnaro, Tao Cemo, rom Sens suls RmerTs arTmev da eSmaks aZlev. sasufevels
Sordebi da jojoxeTis cecxls anTeb, mokudavis ÃorciTa hcodav da ukudavis
suliT jojoxeTSi unda zRo, qristes mamaSviloba unda hgmo da tartarozi
mamad moigo, qristes sisxli ferxiT unda dalaxo da geniaSi RmerTis risxvisa
da simwarisa naRuÀli hso. sasufevelSi ukudavebisa da yovlis sitkboebis
mefoba ganagdo da jojoxeTSi moneba da eSmakT umcrosoba moiyido da maTgan
dakidebuli Seusveneblad itanjo.
misve ganzraxva e
miglovdiT, miglovdiT, angelozno da kacno, amaze
umetesad, rom RmerTman sasufeveli momca, Svileba momca angelozebSi,
sicocxle momca, ukudav krebulSi da ukudav quÀyanaSi, ukudavebiT
aRmayuava da nebiers yofaqcevazed Tavis win ganmamdidra da me,
RvTis orgulman, ar vindome da mravaljer Cemis siborotiT uari movaxsene
RmerTsa da zurgi Semovaqcie da amis sanacvlod Seviyvare sikudiliT
savse sofeli ese, sizmari, kvamli da Crdili, Sevmose sulsa dabebkili ZonZi
codvisa, gemovnebiT mravalrigad ganvanebiere matlis SesaWmeli Ãorci,
gavxdi RTis mterobiT dauRalavi, da RvTis mters, Tao Cemo, RTis risxva moelis,
RvTis orguls orad gankveTa da sasufevelis sitkboebisagan gamovardnil
jojoxeTis simware.
misve ganzraxva v
hoi, sulo
Cemo, usamarTlov, sulo, hoi, sulo Cemo, qristes serobas mowodebulo
sulo, meore angeloso sulo, da axla qristes laxuris mkrvelo sulo, hoi,
sulo, yovlis keTilisa da RvTis wyalobisagan gaoxrebulo sulo. hoi,
sulo, deda sayvarelisa da saxel mSuÀnierisa sasufevelisa simdidrisagan
dacemulo sulo, saRmrTos krebulisagan gamoklebulo da usasyidlos margalitis
damkargao sulo, hoi, sulo, qristes brwyinvalis piris xedvisagan moSorebulo
sulo, hoi me, sulo, mariamis deduflobis sikeTis TualiT danaxvis uRirsebelo
sulo, hoi, sulo, saqorwilos tanisamosis damxevelo sulo, hoi, sulo, ZuÀlisa
da mwvirianis ZonZiT mxuÀlo sulo: Sens Zma qristianebSi gamowyuÀetilo
sulo, RvTis Ralatisa da sasZlosagan SekrviT gandevnilo sulo; hoi, Tvalno,
Cemgan unaTlod gamxdarno Tualno, rom vxedav da vcodav, hoi, pirT RvTis
mzraxuÀlo piro, rom axla unayofod gagxade da dambadebeli RmerTi Sengan
aRar idideba, vaÁ aTasjer, vaÁ, RvTis mgmobaro Tao Cemo, rom RmerTman sasufeveli
mogca da Sen ar indome, aRar etrfiale da an dRes, an xval jojoxeTSi xar mimsvleli.
misve ganzraxva z
evmanuil, evmanuil,
hoi RmerTo da kaco, romelman codviT Semwuars codvilT gulebsa juaridam
Seni ukudavi sisxli daasxi dRes quÀyanazed, mxolod me var codvili miwa
da nacari, Senis tkbilis mowyalebisagan ar viTxov simdidresa, arca
didebasa, arca pativsa da gamoCenasa, aramed marto mxolod Sens siyvaruls
viTxov. hoi, mxolodSobilo, mxolod Sens siyuaruls viTxov. hoi mxolodSobilo,
mxolod Seni siyvaruli momec da Senis siyvarulis cecxli aanTev Cems sulsa
da gonebaSi, rom mudam anTebuli guli mogipyra da mZinare da mRuiZare gaxurvebulis
guliTa Semogyurebde da Senis siyvaruliT Sebyrobilman, romelic Sen
gZuls, mec moviZulo da romelic Sen Segawuxebs, mec ganvagdo da Sors ganvioto
da qristianeTa Tana mec gaqebde quÀyanasa zeda. amin.
mefeTmoZRvari
zaqaria gabaSviliTviT
masala momzadebulia
gazeT „mrevlis"saaRdgomo nomrebis (#49-#61) publikaciebis mixedviT.
gamoiwere gulsa zeda, Tavo Cemo dRe sulTbrZolisa, da gamoixate
mkerdsa zeda saSineli meored mosvla qristesi, nu arcxven ama sofelsa
qristianobasa Sensa da ara Segarcxuens RmerTi winaSe angelozTa da kacTa,
dafare aqa codva Zmisa Senisa da mun daifarebi xeliTa RmrTisaTa, nu
wyev, nu agineb: nu gmob, nu moayivneb aqa ZmaTa da megobarTa SenTa da
RmrTis samarTalSi RmrTisagan arRara daiwyevlebi da aRarca igmobis Seni
saxeli: ganusuene aqa Tavo Cemo, ucxosa mgzavrsa, qvrivsa da obolsa da
Senca gangisvenebs RmerTi angelosTa da mTavarangelosTa Tana: moswrafed
da mxiarulad Seiyuanen saxlsa Sina Sensa, sulo Cemo, glaxakni, SiSvelni
da gare moisxi sufrasa Sensa zeda brmani, uZlurni da sneulni, rameTu
imaTi stumroba qristes stumrobaa, da imaTTan sma da Wama qristesTan sma
da Wamaa da imaTi siSiSvlis Semosva qristes siSiSvlis Semosvaa, maTi
micema qristes ÃelSi micemaa, da imaTi daflva qristes juaridam gardamoxsnaze
msaxureba da qristes daflvaa. nu xar mZinari, Tavo Cemo, nu xar uZRebi, xorco
Cemo, aramed ese yovelni aRasrulen, sanamdi miwaSi dairRveode, da sanamdi
Seni samkauli da saqoneli sxuas darCebodes, manamdis miec qristesa da
nu yovni da adrec miec, manamdis moige qriste mamad da megobrad Senda,
raTa manca meored mosvlasa TÂssa suliT da ÃorciT ukudavebaSi ukudavad
aRgayvaos da gadidos winaSe angelosTa da kacTa, da gasminos sanatreli
igi Ãma kurTxevisa: moved, kurTxeulo, mamisa Cemisao da daimkvidre SenTÂs
gamzadebuli sasufeveli.
mefeTmoZRvari zaqaria
gabaSvili
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